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Forty-two teeth
42
Measured
Adult canine permanent dental formula: 42 teeth.
An adult dog, in the normal formula, has forty-two permanent teeth. Twenty on top, twenty-two below. Puppies have twenty-eight. Missing teeth are variation or pathology, not a second standard.
What it supports
Merck Veterinary Manual states the count. Formula 2 × (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3) = 42. Ohio State CVM teaching text uses the same. Species-specific. Cats 30. Humans 32.
What it does not
Not every visible mouth. Extractions and unerupted teeth happen. Not a myth about dogs. Not Adams.
ExactnessCount
Form42
Unitteeth
Strengthhard